The Demon in the Free

The demon in the Freezer EssayI. The Other Side of the Moon1. hawkshaw Jahrling precious to work with the variola major computer computer virus beca utilise he wanted to be in efforts to create a national stockpile. He could not believe that the vaccine was not enough for a bioterror attack on the coupled States. He wanted to find a cure for the disease.2. In April, the Institute of Medicine issued a report saying that if the world wanted to have a new vaccine or an antiviral drug for smallpox consequently the virus would need to be kept for scientific experiwork forcets. President Bill Clinton had personally favored the destruction, but after reading the report changed his mind. The White House now endorsed keeping the stocks. A month later the WHO voted to keep smallpox alive(p) for another three years until June 30th, 2002.II. A Woman With A Peaceful Mind1.During an experiment, Lisa was holding a pair of blunt childrens scissors with her rubberise space suit gloves. She was trying to open a bottle by prying on a tab with the scissors. Suddenly they slipped and the tip of the scissors jam into the middle finger of her right glove. She felt a stab of pain near her fingernail.III. Nuclear Pox1.The experiment that the Australians presented was they were trying to use a virus to try to cut down populations of mice. They had been infecting mice with an engineered walkpox virus that was supposed to make the mice sterile. But the engineered mousepox had wiped surface the mice. Jahrling and Moyer uneasy about this line of interrogation because the Australians had engineered a pox virus that could overwhelm the vaccine and they had done it by putting a single gene from the mouse into the virus. One mouse gene into the pox. They realized that the virus had interpreted down immunized animals and bioterrorists could use this.IV. Chaos in Level 41.Lisa and her team were inoculating monkeys with different strains of smallpox. They were putting it into th e bloodsteams of the monkeys and they used higher doses. Jahrling felt that if a billion particles of the smallpox didnt give a monkey a disease of some sort, then nature would be telling us that smallpox was not going to go into any species except man.2.Lisa worked in a corridor of the sub-subbasement. She was in a Level 4 area because that was where the smallpox and the monkeys were quarantined.3.The monkey-model team consisted of Peter Jahrling, John Huggins, Lisa Hensley, and an Army veterinary pathologist named Mark Martinez. There was also an animal caretaker named James Stockman and ii veterinary technicians named Joshua and Rafael and a biologist named Louise Pitt.4.First the monkeys were unresolved to Harper, then Dumbell 7124 (India strain).5.First, the Harper smallpox was blown into the air around Monkey C099s head. Then he got it inserted into a vein in his thigh and he received one billion infective particles of Harper smallpox.6.Before they had used a lower dose and they had given the virus to the monkeys through the air. This time, they also put it into the bloodstreams of the monkeys.V. Demon Eyes1.Eight monkeys were given the Harper or India strains. There were seven of them that died (six from hemorrhagic smallpox and one from classical pustular smallpox). Harper was the only survivor.2.The scientists bonded with monkey C099 because that monkey had been sacrificed as a result of their experiments and unlike the other monkeys, he didnt die naturally (they put him to sleep).3.The necropsy room was used to perform a post-mortem trial run in privacy so no other animal of the same species can observe.4.5.The one monkey that survived was put to death because protocol of the experiment essential the euthanasia of all animals in order to gather more data on the effects of smallpox. I wouldve done the same thing because if the virus had interpenetrate through the monkeys body, it would have suffered unnecessarily, seeing how the other monkeys di ed from being infected just as he was being to. They put the monkey out of his misery.VI. Demon Eyes 1.An splenic fever cell is similar to a virus because when it comes into contact with lymph or blood, it cracks open and germinates and turns into a rod-shaped cell. It is different because unlike a virus it is alive. It uses its own machinery to makes copies of itself.2.Tom Geisbert believed the anthrax spores were man made because he observed that something was clinging to the spores. When he turned up the beam the goop began to spread out of the spores. The spores had something in them like an additive.3.The anthrax may have infected and killed the postal workers because it was continuously handled by many workers. The envelopes were squeezed through the mail sorting machines which made the anthrax pores actuate to leak through the letters of the pores.4.The Daschle letter had gone through the Hamilton facility en route to Brentwood.5.The Daschle anthrax may have come from Iraq b ut the samples theyd seen from Iraq were completely different. The Iraqi had been mixed with bentonite and these spores didnt have clay in them.6.Ken Alibek defected to the United States from Russia. He revealed to the US Government that a panoramic vista of Biopreparat, as well as an advanced bioweapons program in Russia that was broken into secret compartments.7.Ken Alibek suggests that biological weapons are more beneficial than nuclear weapons because while nuclear weapons enter everything, biological weapons are more beneficial because they destroy vital activity (people).8.The concept of vital activity was demonstrated when he the jar containing a deputy of a weaponized brain virus called VEE, which traveled easily in the air. Depending on the altitude of the dispersal of the contents, the particles could travel close to fifty miles (this could be used with anthrax mixed with smallpox).9.Geisbert discovered two extra elements in the anthrax spores silicon and oxygen.10.The E PA spent an estimated thirty million dollars decontaminating the Brentwood mail facility.11.There were five homicides in the Amerithrax case.12.The difference surrounded by a K and Q collected sample of evidence is that a Q sample comes from an unknown source and can be matched to known samples. K samples are commendation samples that are fully identified.13.The Amerithrax (Ames) strain came from a dead cow in Texas in 1981 and it ended up in the labs at USAMRIID. The fact that the Maerithrax strain wasnt military pointed to a home-grown American terrorist instead of a foreign source. This helped to turn the focus of the investigation to wihin the United States.14.The FBI still believed that al-Qaeda had something to do with the Ames strain because Mohammed Atta (who was the operational leader of the hijackers), made inquiries at airports in Florida about renting crop-dusting airplanes (he probably wanted to spray something from the air).15.The investigation of Dr. Steven Hatfill was completely justified, although how the FBI handled it through the media was wrong. Hatfill clearly had a reputation and experience in the scientific community when it came to the knowledge to carry out such an attack. He had a storage facility in Florida and had bother to a cabin in a remote party of Maryland. He even had a secret-level security and he was close with Ken Alibek and Bill Patrick (two men with anthrax making experience).Hatfill even commissioned Patrick to write a study on the effects of anthrax mailed in letters. Patrick worked out a scenerio in which a letter containing two grams of dry anthrax spores was opened inside an dischargeice building. The FBI had every reason to believe that he was a person of interest, except the leaks to the media were unnecessary, because Hatfills career was basically because of being investigated. I strongly feel like there was no need for the media to be present everytime his house or cabin or office was raided and samples wer e taken out. The FBI wanted to show the public that they were doing their job effectively, but at the same time they didnt have to use Hatfill as their scapegoat because his life and career were ruined as a result.16. A bioreactor (also called an STLV) was developed at NASA. You can grow human tissues in it and then infect them. Using a device like this can test new drugs against smallpox and other exotic diseases that could not be tested ethically in people.17.Dr. Alfred Sommer was enraged about the smallpox research that Peter Jahrling conducted with monkeys because he believes that smallpox could have been eradicated completely if the stocks had been all destroyed. He believes that the biggest danger of Jahrlings research was it would look suspicious to other countries and would encourage them to do their own experimentation.18.D.A. Henderson believed Jahrlings work could not lead to the development of new drugs or vaccines against smallpox because what was truly needed was an i nhaled dose of smallpox in a monkey to test a vaccine, since people inhale the virus.VII. Superpox 1.A recombinant virus is a virus that has been engineered in the laboratory.2.Interleukin-4 is produced by the immune system because it fights off an infection by stimulating the production of antibodies.3.Cellular immunity is provided by numerous kinds of white blood cells.4.If the gene for IL-4 is added to a poxvirus, it leave behind cause the virus to make IL-4. It starts signaling the immune system of the host, which becomes confused and starts making more antibodies.5.The genetically engineered mousepox is compared to AIDS because it seems to create a king of minute AIDS-like immune suppression in a mouse right at the moment when the mouse needs this type of immunity the most to fight off an exploding pox infection.6.There are two ways to vaccinate a mouse against mousepox. One way is to infect it with natural mousepox. The other way is to vaccinate the mouse with the smallpox v accine.7.The Australian scientists found that mice immunized with natural mousepox become completely immune to IL-4 mousepox, however it was different because the IL-4 mousepox crashed through the smallpox vaccine, killing the mice they had previously vaccinated.8.Scientists should definitely be allowed to create a supervirus, as long as they are doing so for scientific reasons. If there was a complete ban on scientific experimentation that may lead to the creation of superviruses, then at the same time there wouldnt be vaccines created. Before the Eradication began, there were two million people dying every year. Those doctors who ended the virus as a natural disease ended up saving fifty to cardinal million human lives. Those who end up getting the short end of the stick (if there is no creation of superviruses and vaccines) are the people living in third world nations, where medical vaccinations are not readily available.On the flip side, if scientists are given free reign to c reate superviruses whenever they want, then that forget ultimately lead to biological warfare with countries threatening each other. This can lead to intimidation and blackmailing of smaller nations, who may not be able to make out and keep up. There need to be strict guidelines governing viruses (like smallpox) that countries create and expand on.Last month, Australia was in the news because scientists there had genetically modified the virus that causes smallpox. They managed to create a new strain that had caused the death of all the animals involved in the study. What makes this different from what I read in the book is that the new virus was done with mice that had been previously immunized. This is a scary possibility because there are countries out there that are still looking to improve on the smallpox virus.

Tattooing of Both Sexes in Samoa Essay Example for Free

Tattooing of Both Sexes in Samoa EssayThe art of tattooing is widespread throughout Polynesia, and in Samoa the art form has become and remained strong. In Samoa the process of tattooing is known as Tatau . Tatau are the tattooed lines and motifs that appear on the body, and the tatau artist is known as the tufuga (MALLON, 2002). The Samoan tattoo is similarly known as a traditional mark of adulthood for both custody and women. Samoans are the alone group of Polynesians-and one of the only groups of the Pacific Islanders-who still practice the traditional art of tattooing (Nicholas Thomas, Anne Cole, and Bonwen Douglas, 2005). Out of the two tattoos for the men and women, the most impressive one is for the men, and the proper term for it is Tatau .Tatau has often been accepted as a necessary rite of passage for young men (MALLON, 2002).After being tattooed, the young man is not only accepted as a full member of the aumaga (the association of young men), but is also allowed t o serve the matai. The tatau also symbolizes ideas connected with the wrapping, sealing and defense of the body, as well as with decorating it and making it beautiful. So it is seen as both a treasure and a stepping stone for young men to manhood, something that garners respect for the wearer by speaking of his inner strength and resiliency (Marquardt.C, 1984)These values generally remain central to the process and ritual of tatatau today. In some migrant Samoan communities overseas, tatau has also become and identity marker, a look of signifying the Samoan heritage and way of life (Kramer, 1995). Tatau is such a strong image of Samoan identity that its symbols and motifs appears on clothing and apparel, and have be re-presented by artists in the new media and art forms today.Mallon said that an account recorded I the 19th century, it is said that two sisters, Taema and Tilafaiga, who were Siamese twins, bought the first tattooing tools to Samoa. They acquired the tools and the in structions on how to use them from the tattooist Filelei and Tufou in Fiji. They were told to tattoo the women and not the men, and they sang this instruction over and over as they paddled their canoe to Samoa. On the way they saw a queen-sized and beautiful shell glistening in the waters below and so they s pass byped singing in order to swim down and fetch it. On returning to their canoe they tried to remember what they were singing and got the song mixed up. Tattoo the men and not the women they sang and this was the message they took to Samoa.Samoan men authentic a heavy tatau from the waist to the knee which is known as Pea. It is made up of fine parallel lines and areas of shade and wide range of motifs and geometric bods. The denomination Pea refers to both the tatau and to the fruit-eating bat known as the flying fox. The untitled young men with the tatau are called Sogaimiti and as such they are responsible for serving and performing duties for the matai (Sunia, 2002)A man with no tatau is known as Palau. Womens tatau appeared on the legs, starting at the knee and finishing at the top of the thighs. The womens tatau is called Malu, and it is less elaborate than the pea and its structure is less well defined. The malu perhaps takes its name from the malu motif, which is placed behind the knee, and it is the one of the key motifs not seen on mens tatau or pea.The resurgence of tatatau among young men and women began around the time of Western Samoas Independence in 1962. At this time mountain were not allowed into in the first place assemblies unless they were tattooed. And more recently, in 1990, one of the village in Savaii made it compulsory for all men to have a pea (MALLON, 2002). This resurgence of the tatau has continued. As Samoans has migrated to other places in the world, they took their culture and custom with them. The tatau is seen as a strong statement of the Samoan heritage and identity (Kramer, 1995)The origins of Samoan tatau mo tifs can be traced back to around 1500 BC, to the early ancestors of the Polynesian people. At this time the people of the Pacific were making the distinctive decorated pottery that archaeologists call Lapita ware. The tattoo and talk cloth decoration (Kramer, 1995)In Samoan society, the tattooing specialist is known as the tufuga tatatau. In the 19th century tufuga tatatau were associated with two family braches, Sua and Tulouena (Kramer 1995). The Sua worked mainly in Upolu and the Sa Tulouena mainly in Savaii. The work asa tufuga tatatau and the skills of tatatau continue to be transferred from generation to generation. The handmade tools used often by the tufuga tatatau of the Sa Sua and Sa Tuloena comprises a set of tattooing combs, and a terse wooden rod or tattooing mallet. The hand tools are especially valued and are finely crafted.The tattooing is very painful, not only because of the body been covered, but also because of the implements employed. In order to cover a larg e area of the body with dense, intricate designs, the artist hammers the ink into the skin with sharp tattooed combs of different patterns. The combs ae made from flat, garbed sections of boars tusk, filed into rows of sharps odontiasis. The combs are bound to a wooden, metal, or turtle shell backing, which in turn is bound at right angles to the end of a short, thin stick.On the day a man is going to have his tatau, he is going to lie down on a mat with a pillow under his stomach to flatten the arch in the bitty of his back. The tattooist then dips the comb into the ink made from kerosene soot and water, places the comb in position with his left hand and then raps the holding stick smartly with another stick that he holds in his right hand. The blow drove the teeth of the comb into the skin where they deposited the ink.The master proceeded quickly along the line of the pattern, tapping out a smooth rhythm while one of the other young subjects wiped out-of-door the blood and ext ra ink with a rag (MALLON, 2002).There will be people stretching the skin tight with their hands to maintain an even pattern and holding him still so that he would not spoil the design by writhing. Others sat by watching, prepared to sing or play the ukulele to distract him from his pain. When the first session has completed, whoever has been tattooed will bath in the cool fresh water. The process goes on until the lower knees were completed successfully, then the tattooist adds a small signature design around the naval, signifying that the tattoo was complete.The tattoo ceremony also marks the beginning of adulthood. In addition, it brings a great deal of attention and encomium to young men at a time in their lives when they normally get very little or either (S.Kipeni, 1962).Tattooing also gives the young mens families an opportunity to show that thy can afford the costly ceremony. The tattoo was formerly a sign chiefly status or impending chiefly status, as no matai was without one (Kramer, 1995).This traditional association must have less force today when none of the older chiefs have tattoos and most all of the young men become chiefs, with or without tattoosAll of these brokers induce young men to endure the pain of tattooing, but the most important factor is the pain of tattooing itself. Young men adorn themselves with full body tattoos primarily to demonstrate that they can withstand the pain. Machismo is high on the list of desired traits among Samoan men, and tattooing is an excellent demonstration of courage and endurance (Marquardt.C, 1984).The tattoo is quintessentially Samoan and wearing one is a matter of cultural pride (MALLON, 2002).Receiving the tatau can be and instruction of the person and the soul. It can be a public statement of commitment to families, communities, and culture. It can speak of many things such as place, values, memories and origins. It is many things, such as an ornament or garment that once worn, can never be removed (MALLON, 2002).

Behavior of Packet Counts for Network Intrusion Detection

Behavior of package Counts for profit Intrusion DetectionStatistical Behavior of Packet Counts for Network Intrusion DetectionAbstract Intrusions and attacks have become a very serious problem in electronic network world. This paper presents a statistical characterization of packet counts that can be used for network intrusion staining. The main idea is based on detecting any suspicious style in computer networks depending on the comparison betwixt the correlativity results of control and data planes in the presence and absence of attacks employ histogram analysis. Signal processing animals such as median filtering, moving average filtering, and topical anaesthetic variance estimators are exploited to help in developing network unusual person detection approaches. Therefore, detecting dissimilarity can destine an abnormal behavior.Keywords Anomaly detection, statistics, Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS).I. INTRODUCTIONNOWADAYS, the use of the network has be come important and it increased considerably. Internet use has spread to daily work, business, education, entertainment and etc. Computer networks bring us a lot of benefits, such as computing and better performance, hardly they also bring risks. So, security systems have to be built to face those risks. One of those systems is the network intrusion detection system (NIDS), which is designed to alert the network administrators to the presence of an attack. Recently, intrusions are classified as serious Internet security threats due to the mass service disruption they result in, the unsafe use of the Internet, and the hindrance to defend against them 1. Some attacks aim to consume large amount of resources to prevent legitimate users from receiving satisfactory performance.Network Intrusion Detection System is a tool to detect the attacks that attempt to compromise the availability, integrity or confidentiality of the network. It has been started to be used frequently as one compon ent of an effective layered security precedent for an organization. This system monitors network traffic continuously for malicious activity, and raise alerts when they detect attacks. Existing intrusion detection systems can be classified into signature detection systems/ misuse and anomaly detection systems 2-3.Signature detection systems rely on a database of a predefined set of attack signatures. They detect attacks by comparing the observed patterns of the network traffic with the database. If the attack is listed in the database, then it can be successfully detected and identified 4. On the other hand, anomaly detection systems are designed to compare the parameters of the normal network traffic to the observed unusual traffic 5. In such cases, the detected deviation from the normal traffic is stated as an attack. Such methods can detect new kinds of network attacks.In this paper, we aim to studding the intrusion and attacks behavior by monitoring the changes in the traffic of the network. spying dissimilarity between the correlation results of control and data planes can indicate an abnormal behavior 6. This paper is organized as follows. Section II includes the anomaly detection techniques. Section III, includes the suggested statistical analysis. Section IV, includes the simulation results. Section V includes the concluding remarks.II. Anomaly detection techniquesA effect of studies have focused on developing network anomaly detection methods. For example, kink 7 is one of the statistical anomaly-based intrusion detection systems. In this system, a range of values is set to indicate the normal status of each pre-defined feature. If the values measured during a session lie outside the normal range, then the score of a subject is raised. Haystack was designed to work offline and that was considered as one of its drawbacks 8.Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine (SPADE) 9 is also one of the statistical anomaly-based intrusion detection systems . It uses the imagination of an anomaly score to detect sport scans. A simple frequency domain based approach is used to calculate the anomaly score of a packet. The fewer the packets, the higher the anomaly score. One drawback of the SPADE is its high false alarm rate.In this paper, we concentrate on the statistical analysis of the correlation order between packet and control counts in computer networks 10. The suggested approach is based on distinguishing histograms of the correlation sequences of normal and abnormal traffics. The correlation sequences are processed every directly or after pre-processing with differentiator, median filtering, or local variance estimation.III. StatisticsHistogram AnalysisHistogram is defined as a graphical representation of the distribution of data, a histogram is a function that counts the number of observations that fall into each of the disjoint categories, Thus, if we let k be the total number of bins and n be the total number of observations , the histogram mi meets the following conditions 7 (1)Median FilteringThe median filtering is based on sorting the data and selecting is the middle number. It is used to exclude impulsive values in the correlation sequences.MeanThe mean is the average of a set of numbers(2)VarianceThe variance is a measure of how items are dispersed about their mean. The variance of a whole population is given by the equation 11(3)where M is the local mean.IV. Proposed ApproachThe proposed approach can be summarized in the following stepsNetwork traffic packet traces are typically provided in raw tcpdump format 12. Therefore, it is necessary to preprocess packets to extract the features in the format needed to carry out however analysis 6.Extracting a count features, from the packet header information .Computing the similarity between the two traffic groups control and data by using cross-correlation function.Applying some sort of pre-processing on the correlation sequence with median filtering, m oving average, differentiator, and local variance estimation.Histogram estimation of the original correlation sequences and the pre-processed sequences.Creating databases for the histograms with attacks and without attacks.Setting thresholds based on these histograms for discrimination.V. experimental resultsWe have used the cross-correlation results between the control and data packets when there is no attacks and when there is an attack for one day of KSU traffic. Fig. 1 shows the correlation coefficients between the control and data packets when there is no an attack. Fig 2 shows the correlation coefficients when there is an attack applied. Fig. 3 shows the correlation coefficients histogram distribution for normal and abnormal traffic. Fig. 4 shows the histogram distribution of the correlation coefficient median for normal and abnormal traffic. Fig. 5 shows the histogram distribution of correlation coefficients mean for normal and abnormal traffic. Fig. 6 shows the histogram dis tribution of the correlation coefficients local variance for normal and abnormal traffic. The experimental results reveal that when there is an attack, a noticeable difference in histogram distribution is found.Fig. 1 Correlation coefficients for normal traffic.Fig. 2 Correlation coefficients for abnormal traffic.Fig. 3 Correlation coefficients histogram distribution for normal and abnormal traffic.Fig. 4 Histogram of the correlation coefficients median for normal and abnormal traffic.Fig. 5 Histogram of the correlation coefficients local mean for normal and abnormal traffic.Fig. 6 Histogram of the correlation coefficients local variance for normal and abnormal traffic.From these figures, we can set a probability threshold for each case, based on which, a decision of normal or abnormal traffic can be taken.VI. ConclusionThe paper presented a statistical field of study for the correlation coefficients between packet and control planes of network traffic. Simulation experiments have shown that there is a difference in histogram distribution between normal and abnormal traffics. With the aid of signal processing tools like median filtering, local mean filtering and local variance filtering, we can set a group of thresholds to distinguish between normal and abnormal traffics.

Analysis Of Three Poems English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Three Poems English Literature EssayThe floor of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to the present day. Poets from diametric countries created numerous outstanding works. Here are three poems Ive read which are of immense reputation. They are My Mistress Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun, The Red Wheelbarrow and How Do I Love Thee. The first poem was written by William Shakespeare who is a world famous writer. He is well-known not only for his plays especially tragedies, but also for his 154 sonnets. Not homogeneous most sonnet, just as you eject find in the title, it depicted a different lady who is not so sightly. This poem is number 130 out of the 154 sonnets, so we can call it Sonnet 130. It is William Carlos Williams who wrote the second poem. What interesting is his primary occupation was as a family doctor and writing poems was his off-hour hobby, but I believe he is oft more succeeded in poetry than as a doctor. The Red Wheelbarrow is a traditional American poetry which is so much different from a sonnet. It is often considered as the masterwork of American 20th-century, although it is the shortest poem I have ever known. The third poet is Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who was one of the most prominent poets of the Victorian era. This is Sonnet XLIII in Sonnets from the Portuguese. Its also a sonnet, but it is in the model of Italy which is popularized by Petrarch. This means the third poem and the first one have great differences. Because of these widely different poems, the world of poetry can be so splendid and vibrant. And I am now going to analyze these three different poems in the aspects of satire, render and theme.When reference satire, we cannot ignore the Shakespeares sonnet number 130, which is a successful poem that effectively use satire to convey a sincere theme firearm maintaining sonnet structure, and using literary devices as a source of irony. Let me expound it from the beginning. The first quatr ain illustrates the appearance of his lover. Her eyes are not beautiful, her lips are not so red, her breast are dun and her hair is bad. No one will think her beautiful, so do I. People who study sonnets are utilize to panegyrics of beauty and extraordinary spirit yet, instead of introducing a surreal love interest Shakespeare begins his sonnet in such an unconventional rule of satire. This ironic method completely overturns the traditional idea of sonnet and successfully hooks the reader. The next two quatrains continue describe how his lover is just a common woman. at that place is no flushed cheeks and no fragrance breath. Her voice is not like music and when she walks, treads on the ground. We all know the fact that conventionally metaphors and similes are employ in love poems as a tool to express praise. But in this case, the speaker in sonnet 130 proves his love by portraiture his lover that none of these metaphors or similes apply to her since they are exaggerations. I n this way, the sonnet 130 enhances its theme by satire. Things change in last two sentences And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. By abandoning literary devices for sincerity, Shakespeare concluded his poem. It makes me believe that sincerity and realism is value more than false comparisons. And when the theme of the sonnet is concluded with sincere language like this, the readers, including me, then understands Shakespeares use of satire. To conclude, this poem satirizes the over-the-top descriptions that poets had traditionally used to praise womens beauty.Regarding to images in poem, no one can deny the fact The Red Wheelbarrow is one good example. In this poem, three images form a beautiful picture which is unforgettable and meaningful. The poem is so begins So much depends/ upon/ a red wheel/ barrow. The first two lines look like a tiddler discovered a miracle, and what followed on is the burial mound, the first image. But the pic ture is so vague now. Then, it goes glazedwithrain/ water. The second image here is water or rain and it shows that this scene is just after a rain. The last sentence besidethewhite/ chickens reveal the last image, the chickens. Just from the images, we found the poem begins from the abstract things (so much) to stationary object (wheelbarrow), then goes to moving object (rain), and ends with living animals (chickens). These images can simply sum up into from silence to vitality, which is a healthy and progressive development. Furthermore, we can get in a more specific picture if we notice the adjectives. The wheelbarrow is vividly because there is a word red to modify it. We can find the asynchronous transfer mode so relaxed because the wheelbarrow is glazed with rain other than became dirty. It is said the chicken is white, which is opposite to the wheelbarrows red. In a sense, the imagery in the Williams poetry just like a colorful painting shows the picture of our daily life a n agrarian scene, most likely the yard of a farmhouse, where a wet red wheelbarrow stands among some white chickens. With a strong visual stimulation and the contrast of dynamic and static, this is no longer a simple poem that has only 4 clauses but an ingenious work which has brilliant images.

Posture Recognition Based Fall Detection System

Posture Recognition Based snuff it Detection SystemA POSTURE RECOGNITION BASED line DETECTION dodging FOR MONITORING AN hoary PERSON IN A SMART HOME ENVIRONMENTABSTRACTThe mobile applications programme is capable of signal bumpion practical sickens for elderly, through the use of goods and services of special sensors. The alert depicted objects contain useful information some the good deal in danger, such as his/her geo topical anestheticisation principle and also corresponding directions on a map. In occasions of false alerts, the supervised person is given the ability to estimate the value of importance of a possible alert and to stop it before being transmitted. This paper describes system for monitor and deliver detection of old pot using triaxial accelerometer together with ZigBee transceiver to detect fall of ELDERLY PEOPLE. The system is composed of entropy acquisition, fall detection and database for analysis. Triaxial accelerometer is utilize for human pos ition tracking and fall detection. The system is capable of monitoring ELDERLY PEOPLE in real time and on the basis of guides another important parameters of patient can be deducted the quality of therapy, the time accomplish on different activities, the joint impulsion, etc. The system, including calibration of accelerometers and measurement is explained in detail. The Accidental Fall Detection System will be able to go to carriers as well as the elderly, as the carriers will be notified immediately to the intended person. This fall detection system is designed to detect the accidental fall of the elderly and alert the carriers or their loved ones via Smart-Messaging Services (SMS) immediately. This fall detection is created using microcontroller technology as the heart of the system, the accelerometer as to detect the sudden movement or fall and the Global System for Mobile (GSM) modem, to send out SMS to the pass receiver.INTRODUCTIONThe leading health problems in the elder ly community. They can occur in home as well as in hospitals or in the long-term cargon institutions1. Falls increase risk for serious injuries, chronic pain, long-term disability, and loss of independence, psychological and social limitations due to institutionalization. Nearly 50% of older adults hospitalized for fall- related injuries are discharged to nursing homes or long-term care facilities2. A fall can cause psychological damage even if the person did not suffer a physical injury. Those who fall often experience reduction activities of daily living and self-care due to fear of falling again. This behavior decreases their mobility, balance and fitness and leads to reduced social interactions and increased depression. The mortality pose for falls increases progressively with age. Falls caused 57% of deaths due to injuries among females and 36% of deaths among males, age 65 and older3. Majority of falls result from an interaction between multiple long-term and short-run fa ctors in persons environment4. Common risk factors include problems with balance and stability, arthritis, muscle weakness, multiple medications therapy, depressive symptoms, cardiac disorders, stroke, impairment in cognition and imaging Detection of a fall possibly leading to injury in timely manner is crucial for providing adequate medical response and care. Present fall detection systems can be categorized 7, 8, 9 under one of the following groups User activated alarm systems (wireless tags), Floor vibration-based fall detection, Wearable sensors (contact sensors and switches, sensors for heart rate and temperature, accelerometers and gyroscopes ), Acoustic fall detection, Visual fall detection.The most common method for fall detection is using a triaxial accelerometers or bi-axial gyroscopes. Accelerometer is a device for touchstone acceleration, but is also used to detect free fall and shock, movement, speed and vibration. Using the threshold algorithms while measuring devia tes in acceleration in for each one direction, it is possible do detect falls with very high accuracy. Using dickens or more than tri-axial accelerometers and combining them with gyroscopes at different body locations it is possible to recognize several kinds of postures (sitting, standing, etc.) and movements, thereby detecting falls with much better accuracy. An easy and simple method to detect fall detection of ELDERLY PEOPLE is using accelerometer together with ZigBee transceiver to communicate with Monitoring System through wireless network, and in this paper a system for monitoring and fall detection of ELDERLY PEOPLE using mobile MEMS accelerometers will be presented. .The first three functions reserve recording in a database, and also a text message is sent to the supervisor with latitude, longitude and other useful data. Afterwards, you can detect the elder person through Google maps. Additionally, an application was implemented for the attending physician, which is con nected with the database, through which s/he can obtain a complete picture of the patients status, to draw useful conclusions and proceed to possible change in medical treatment.EXISTING SYSTEMAn application for Apple IOS by using an accelerometer to detect falls. A possible drawback is that the development platform Apple IOS is not accessible to the average user. An application in Symbian s60 using machine learning algorithm takes 64 samples every two seconds from the accelerometer and decides whether there is a fall.PROPOSED SYSTEMIn this paper, we designed an application with the ability of unbidden fall detection, by using the mobile sensors, warning signal by pressing a button in cases of emergency, detection and automatic notification to supervisors as well as visual display to passerbies. The application uses basically two incorporated mobile sensors, namely the accelerometer and the gyroscope sensor.A counter starts determine loudly on the screen from 30 to 0. If the count er reaches 0, then an SMS message is sent to the caregiver or relative and an entry is made to the Database. The first service detects the patients position and calculates whether the patient is further away than a set distance. When activated can give directions to the patient what route to follow to return back to home.APPLICATIONS automatonlike fall detection.Warning if the elder moves away from the place of residence directions given on the map.ADVANTAGESElders safety can be assured.Fast beginning(a) aid or medical treatment can be guaranteed.DISADVANTAGESDevice Sensor should be carried out whenever the person moves over.SYSTEM DESIGNArchitecture platSYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND FALL DETECTIONThe whole system consists of a set of sensors (two or more sensors on the patient, usually MEMS sensors) which the patient wears on himself, local units to collect data that are placed in patient vicinity and systems for collecting. The tiny sensors in the strap are capable of measuring user taste and motion in three-dimensions and it is constantly monitoring and analyzing the signals in real-time looking for movement indicating a fall.From the comparison Table Error No text of contract style in document. .1, it shows that the system maybe a hindrance to the consumer in terms of price over the years. The aim of this project is to be able to provide equal standard of care at an affordable cost. The system is shown in Figure 1 the space is divided into sections which are defined by midland and exterior of the institution in which a system is operated. Each room is stocked with local receivers. Local receivers collect data from sensors that the ELDERLY PEOPLE are wearing on the clothes. The sensors are small and lightweight. One sensor is located in the upper garment and the other at the bottom. This is not limited to two sensors, if necessary, there may be more, but for the detection of falls to the back the system must confirm at least 2 sensors Local receivers pass information to the server. The server information is military operationed local health care service. Personal computers are used to browse the database collected at the server. The database contains information about the mobility of ELDERLY PEOPLE, treatment efficacy, joints. All these data can be analyzed offline and used to adjust patient therapy. This has served a double function of the system real-time patient monitoring and early detection of the fall in order to deliver medical assistance as soon as possible.In this application Free scale TM ZSTAR wireless sensing triple axis board is used (Fig. 2). It is very practical because of low power consumption, portability, and the ability to be mounted in small pockets inside the clothes of ELDERLY PEOPLE. Board is divided into sensory and receiver part. The sensor is placed at the patient and is render with an accelerometer, microprocessor, and transceiver with the antenna which sends the measurement data to the receiver. The rec eiver also has a microprocessor that adjusts the signals received through the antenna to send with the USB protocol. These data are sent to the server. The server collects process and stores the data. Each sensor that is connected to the patient is personalized, and its data are stored in a file under persons name to get an overview of all activities and physical accentuate of the patientFALL DETECTION USING TWO ACCELEROMETERS In this chapter the operation of the system through one of its functions and to the detection of fall will be described. The figures have been simplified for better understanding of the system. The algorithm used is improved algorithm given in, with better detection of backwards falls. Setup for accelerometer fall detection, consists of the measuring sensors with transmitter, receiver and server for data processing and fall detection.The fall is detected by the algorithm described in. It can be seen that fall detection algorithm uses data from both sensors th at are monitored at the same time. This algorithm is able to distinguish between falls (forward, back word fall into a sitting position) and the commonplace daily activity, such as walking, mastering stairs, sitting in a chair, lying walking is also detecting by the sensors.However, these impacts are not isolated, and after them there is no significant change in orientation between the two sensors. Vectors are in the area that will call common regularize .if an isolated stoke which causes a change in orientation of the body is detected, or the orientation of certain body parts in relation to the fleck before the stroke, then with some certainty it can be said that the fall had occurred.Dataflow DiagramSYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONModules detailsPhase 1 ModulesFall Detection side TrackingPhase 2 ModulesCommunicationRoute Map IntegrationFall DetectionThe FALL DETECTION is something that we have developed at Alert1 so you can be safe at all times. Whether you are a senior citizen and want to maintain your independence, a concerned family element looking for peace of mind, or a caregiver with patients, this tool has been developed for you. Prevention is key. Use it to inspect and detect hazardous areas in your home that could result in a fall. If you answer no to the questions, you have already taken action to reduce your risk of falling. If you answer yes to any of the questions, consider making the recommended change or adaptation to reduce your risk of falling.Location TrackingReal-time locating systems (RTLS)are used to automatically identify and track the location of objects or people in real time, usually within a building or other contained area. Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people, and in most RTLS, fixed reference points receive wireless signals from tags to determine their location. The physical layer of RTLS technology is usually some form ofradio frequency(RF) discourse, but some systems use optical (usuallyinfrared) or acoustic (usuallyultrasound) technology instead of or in addition to RF. Tags and fixed reference points can be transmitters, receivers, or both, resulting in numerous possible technology combinations. RTLS are a form oflocal positioning system, and do not usually refer to GPS,mobile phone tracking, or systems that use only passiveRFIDtracking. Location information usually does not include speed, direction, or spatial orientation.CommunicationThe table that maintained the mapping between the agents name and the catchment basin location is shared and updated by the agents who were on nodes within the landmarks coverage. When the node is not a landmark node, the table is used as a cache table. If communication with the other agent succeeds, the locations and the agent names are registered in this cache table. It is possible for the agent to periodically get the location of the bespeak agent and store it in the cache table. The use of a cache table enables agents to initiate direct communicat ion with each other and reduce the communication overhead to landmarks. When the cache misses, the agent sends a request to the landmark to get updated information. Agents can also delete the information from the cache table. The communication between landmarks is implemented, even we only use this communication to call the target agent when there is no target agent within the coverage area. This primitive is used when the computer programmer deploys agents and makes deployment of agents easy.Routemap IntegrationThe integration of spatial maps in mobile was investigated using a spatial analog to sensory preconditioning. The GPS chip outputs the positioning information which is transferred over a GPRS link to the mobile operators GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) and then to a remote server over a TCP connection. The TCP server stores the debut positional data in a mySQL database. When a user clicks on the tracking scallywag., Zope, which is an open source web application server, s erves up an HTML page with an embedded javascript code. The javascript would run in the users browser and has instructions to retrieve the positional information from the mySQL database every second. It then integrates this information into Google Maps through Google Maps API which displays the position on a map. Since the positional information is retrieved every second and the maps updated at the same frequency, a real time GPS tracking effect is achieved.CONCLUSIONTriaxial accelerometers can be used for detecting fall of ELDERLY PEOPLE. They offer low cost solution, and together with wireless connectivity solutions such as ZigBee provide efficient solution for both ELDERLY PEOPLE and medical personnel l. In this paper I have presented an intelligent mobile multimedia application that can be incorporated into current mobile smartphones in order to be used for the needs of the elderly. It is in our future plans to evaluate this system in order to test its efficiency in actually he lping these people sufficiently.It is also in our future plans to extend the systems capabilities by incorporating new services. These services include the following engraft a belt measuring heart rate as an external sensorIntegrate a gyroscope sensor instead of an orientation sensor, for more accurate resultsIntegration of social networks to alert sendersIntegrate public agency to alert sendersAdd a system administrator feature.ReferencesA. Chan and N. Vasconcelos, Counting people with subordinate features and Bayesian regression, IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 21602177, Apr. 2012.E.Auvinet, F. Multon, A. Saint-Arnaud, J. Rousseau, and J. Meunier, Fall detection with multiple cameras An occlusion-resistant method based on 3-d silhouette vertical distribution, IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 290300, Mar. 2011.Y. Hou and G. Pang, People counting and human detection in a challenging situation, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. Part A Syst. Humans, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 2433, Jan. 2011Y. Chen, L. Zhu, A. Yuille, and H. Zhang, Unsupervised learning of probabilistic object models (POMs) for object classification, segmentation, and apprehension using knowledge propagation, IEEE Trans. PatternAnal. Mach. Intell., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 17471761, Oct. 2009F. Lecumberry, A. Pardo, and G. Sapiro, Simultaneous object classification and segmentation with high-order multiple shape models, IEEETrans. Image Process., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 625635, Mar. 2010

The Black Cat: Deranged Narrator :: essays research papers

The Black Cat Deranged NarratorThroughout the orifice paragraph of "The Black Cat," the reader isintroduced to a fabricator who, because of his visionary actions, has becomementally madden and very untrustworthy, " . . . my very senses reject theirown evidence." The narration of this story is in the first person, which wouldlead you to believe the narrator could be trusted to relate to you the accreditedevents of the story, but this is false. The narrator in this story isunreliable due to his horrid area of mind and body. The narrator cannot berelied upon to channelise the reader the true events of the story, these events sireto be interpreted and the reader must come to his own conclusion as to whatreally happened.     The reader is shown in the opening paragraph that he should not trustthe narrator to deliver the true events of the story. The narrator admitsthroughout the story that his bad habits, namely alcoholism, lead to hisirrationa l state of mind. His alcoholism was the root of his downfall. dateintoxicated, the narrator mutilated his favourite ducky, Pluto, causing the cat tobecome terrified of his master. The alienation of his cat gave the narratoreven much cause to become mentally unstable.     The hanging of his cat shows how the narrator has become obsessed withdoing evil things for the sake of their evilness. This evilness is linked tohis alcoholism. The narrator was most-likely in a drunken state when he hunghis cat, which only infuriated his temper. This separation of friends had ahuge effect on the narrators deadly temper. His temper is such that anythingthat slightly tight him caused him to go into fits of rage.     The fits of rage which charter the narrator for much of the story are alllinked to his pet cats. He points out that he was an animal devotee in hisyounger years and the feeling was carried through into his maturity. His lovefor animals ended here. His alcoholism had driven him to avoid his animals or,when he encountered them, to physically harm them for the reason that they werethere. The narrators pet cats were the exceptions. He held his temper patronizefrom his cats because of his love for them. This feeling disappears after timeand the cats become the subject of his worst fits of rage.     After each violent act upon his cats, the narrator did feel remorse athis actions. This feeling also disappears over time and, as it disappeared, hisrage grew.The Black Cat Deranged Narrator essays research papers The Black Cat Deranged NarratorThroughout the opening paragraph of "The Black Cat," the reader isintroduced to a narrator who, because of his grotesque actions, has becomementally deranged and very untrustworthy, " . . . my very senses reject theirown evidence." The narration of this story is in the first person, which wouldlead you to believe the narrator could be trusted to rel ate to you the trueevents of the story, but this is false. The narrator in this story isunreliable due to his horrid state of mind and body. The narrator cannot berelied upon to show the reader the true events of the story, these events haveto be interpreted and the reader must come to his own conclusion as to whatreally happened.     The reader is shown in the opening paragraph that he should not trustthe narrator to deliver the true events of the story. The narrator admitsthroughout the story that his bad habits, namely alcoholism, lead to hisirrational state of mind. His alcoholism was the root of his downfall. Whileintoxicated, the narrator mutilated his favourite pet, Pluto, causing the cat tobecome terrified of his master. The alienation of his cat gave the narratoreven more cause to become mentally unstable.     The hanging of his cat shows how the narrator has become obsessed withdoing evil things for the sake of their evilness. This e vilness is linked tohis alcoholism. The narrator was most-likely in a drunken state when he hunghis cat, which only infuriated his temper. This separation of friends had ahuge effect on the narrators deadly temper. His temper is such that anythingthat slightly annoyed him caused him to go into fits of rage.     The fits of rage which occupy the narrator for much of the story are alllinked to his pet cats. He points out that he was an animal lover in hisyounger days and the feeling was carried through into his maturity. His lovefor animals ended here. His alcoholism had driven him to avoid his animals or,when he encountered them, to physically harm them for the reason that they werethere. The narrators pet cats were the exceptions. He held his temper backfrom his cats because of his love for them. This feeling disappears after timeand the cats become the subject of his worst fits of rage.     After each violent act upon his cats, the narrator d id feel remorse athis actions. This feeling also disappears over time and, as it disappeared, hisrage grew.

Japanese Gardens Essay -- Essays Papers

Japanese GardensThe role of gardens play a much more important role in Japan than here(predicate) in the United States. This is due primarily to the fact the Japanese garden embodies native values, cultural beliefs and religious principles. maybe this is why there is no integrity prototype for the Japanese garden, just as there is no one native philosophy or aesthetic. In this way, similar to other forms of Japanese art, landscape design is constantly evolving due to exposure to outside influences, master(prenominal)ly Chinese, that effect not only changing aesthetic tastes but also the values of patrons. In observing a Japanese garden, it is important to remember that the line between the garden and the landscape that surrounds it is not separate. Instead, the two are forever merged, serving as the total embodiment of the one another. Every aspect of the landscape is in itself a garden. Also when observing the garden, the visitor is not supposed to distinguish the garde n from its architecture. Gardens in Japan incorporate both natural and artificial elements, therefor uniting nature and architecture into one entity. Japanese gardens also express the net alliance between humankind and nature, for these gardens are not only decorative, but are a clear expression of Japanese culture. Although this extremely close connection of the individual with nature, the basic principle of Japanese gardens, has remained the constant throughout its news report, the ways in which this principle has come to be expressed has undergone many great changes. Perhaps the most notable occurred in the very distinct periods in Japanese history that popularized unique forms of garden styleHeian (781-1185), and the Kamakura (1186-1393). Resulting from these two golden ages of Japanese history came the stroll garden from the former period and the Zen garden from the later. As we shall see, the composition of these gardens where remarkably effected by the norms of archit ecture and the ideals of popular religion in these eras. Therefor, in dread each garden style in its context, it essential to also take into account the social, historical, and theological elements as well as the main stylist differences.Japanese aristocrats from at least mid-eighth century customarily had gardens near their homes. During the Heian period a somewhat standard type of garden evolved in accordance... ... these differences in presentation, design, and the relationships between the garden, viewer, and the architecture, the general goal of both garden types are inherently the same. In the Japanese tradition, these gardens are meant to function as aids in understanding in one form or another. In addition, both demonstrate the emphasis on the relationship between humankind and natureperhaps one of the most important elements of Japanese art and architecture.BibliographyA.K. Davision, The cunning of the Zen Gardens. Boston Houghtom Mifflin, 1983.Bring, Mitchell, and Wayembergh, Josse. Japanese GardensDesign and Meaning. McGraw-Hill series in Landscape and Landscape Architecture. McGraw-Hill, 1981.Hayakawa, Masao. The Garden Art of Japan. Trans. Richard Gage. Weatherhill.Heibonsha, 1973.Ito, Teiji. The Japanese GardenAn Approach to Nature. Trans. By Donald Richie. Yale University Press, 1972.Kincaid, Mrs. Paul, Japanese Garden and Floral Art. in the raw York Hearthside Press Inc., 1966.Kucke, Loraine. The Art of Japanese Gardens. New York The John Day Company, 1940.Yoshida, Tetsuro, Gardens of Japan. New York Fredrick A. Praeger, 1957.