Writing Letters in Japanese - Format and Tips

Today, it is possible to communicate with anyone, anywhere in the world, instantly by email. However, it doesnt mean that the need to write letters has disappeared. In fact, many people still enjoy writing letters to family and friends. They also love receiving them and thinking of them when they see the familiar handwriting. In addition, no matter how much technology progresses, Japanese New Years cards (nengajou) will most likely always be sent by mail. Most Japanese people would probably not be upset by grammatical errors or incorrect usage of keigo (honorific expressions) in a letter from a foreigner. They will be happy just to receive the letter. However, to become a better student of Japanese, it will be useful to learn basic letter-writing skills. Letter Format The format of Japanese letters is essentially fixed. A letter can be written both vertically and horizontally. The way you write is mainly personal preference, though older people tend to write vertically, especially for formal occasions. Opening Word: The opening word is written at the top of the first column.Preliminary Greetings: They are usually seasonal greetings or to inquire about the addressees health.Main Text: The main text starts in a new column, one or two spaces down from the top. The phrases like sate or tokorode are often used to start the text.Final Greetings: They are mainly wishes for the health of the addressee.Closing Word: This is written at the bottom of the next column after the final greetings. Since opening words and closing words come in pairs, make sure to use the appropriate words.Date: When you write horizontally, Arabic numbers are used to write the date. When writing vertically, use kanji characters.Writers Name.Addressees Name: Make sure to add sama or sensei (teachers, doctors, lawyers, Diet members, etc.) to the addressees name, depending on which is proper.Postscript: When you need to add a postscript, start it with tsuishin. It is not appropriate to write postscripts for a letter to superiors or a formal letter. Addressing Envelopes Needless to say, it is rude to write the addressees name incorrectly. Make sure to use the correct kanji characters.Unlike addresses in the west, which usually start with the addressees name and end with the zip or postal code, A Japanese address starts with prefecture or city and end with the house number.The postal code boxes are printed on most envelopes or postcards. Japanese postal codes have 7 digits. You will find seven red boxes. Write the postal code in the postal code box.The addressees name is in the center of the envelope. It should be slightly larger than the characters that are used in the address. Make sure to add sama or sensei to the addressees name depending on which is proper. When you write a letter to an organization, onchuu is used.The writers name and address are written at the back of the envelope, not on the front. Writing Postcards The stamp is put on the top left. Although you can write either vertically or horizontally, the front and the back should be in the same format. Sending a Letter from Overseas When you send a letter to Japan from overseas, romaji is acceptable to use when writing the address. However, if possible, it is better to write it in Japanese.

Health Population Issue Teen Pregnancy Essay - 2101 Words

Health Population Issue: Teen pregnancy in the United States Focal point, State of Texas Background Information, United States The scourge of teen pregnancy in the United States is an ongoing social disorder that is inflicting painful costs on the polity. According to (Card, J.J., 1999), unbridled teen pregnancy results in a vicious cycle of frustrations, abuse, neglect and dependency. Compared to the average in the population, teen mothers are more probable to drop out of high school, be caught in a web of repeat pregnancies, and more probable to end up at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder. Danawi, H. et al, (2016) identified teen pregnancy in the United States as alarmingly greater than rates seen in other developed economies such as Europe and in Canada. According to Kearney Levine (2012), U.S. female teens are twice as likely as Canadian teens to end up with unplanned and unwanted pregnancy, and about ten times as probable as Swiss teenagers. Their work also identified that disparity in teenage pregnancy rate exist across states in the United States, based on location, economic, racial and ethnic group. It noted that female teens in Mississippi are in greater danger of teen pregnancy than those living in New Hampshire, and according to Lewis T. (2014); District of Columbia has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the United States. The economic costs are enormous and multifaceted; educational, health, occupational, economic, and so on. Teenage fathersShow MoreRelatedCommunity Assessment Results And Analysis1093 Words   |  5 Pagesthe majority being female at 51.5%. The majority of this county is over the age of 65 at 21.7%, with the second highest percent of population being over the age of 18 at 19.3%, and people under the age of 5 make up 4.7% of the population. Unable to find data that directly shows the percentage of adolescents in the community yielded the choice to select this population as a target audience. 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Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreTeen Pregnancy is a Growing Problem in the United States1084 Words   |  4 PagesAmong many of the preventable diseases and health problems there is one in particular that is rooted deep within my hometown. I am a part of the graduating class of 2013 from Seaside high school, located in a tourist town on the northern Oregon coast, where according to the United States Census Bureau the median income as of 2012 was $24,201 (table 1).I remember in high school there was always a girl I knew who w as pregnant, but it was not until recently when I noticed so many of my classmates and

A Superior Alien Race - 1141 Words

Intro The year is 2075. A superior alien race called Crustinians have enslaved humanity to feed their ever-growing labor demands. They have prisoned every alive human into sectors based on their profession. I am in Sector – 13 since I am an optometrist. As a young man, I didn’t like the outdoors – hated everything from amusement parks to zoos. Yet, today, 10th April 2075, is the day I break out of captivity to watch for the very last time, the Sun dip in the sea from the Olympus Beach. It is fascinating what 15 years of imprisonment can do to you. Escape to Olympus Beach It was time. As I descended into the tunnels and made my way through them, I wondered if the sun was just as warm and golden as it was in the pre- Crustinian era. An hour and a half later, I climbed out of the manhole and it was everything I had imagined and more. The sun shone brightly, sparkling off the shimmering water which reflected like crystals. The light deluged over the grass and pierced even the darkest shadows. Heat rose from the ground in waves, creating the illusion of rippling water. The only escape from the scorching sunlight was beneath the pine trees that lined the shore, and even some dappled light streamed through the canopy, leaving tiny shapes on the ground in intricate patterns. I removed my shoes and felt the warm, soft sand under my feet as my cheeks became cold from the light breeze from the sea. It was the perfect opportunity to relax. At the Olympus Beach I have never been foundShow MoreRelatedThe And Its Effects On Society1703 Words   |  7 PagesNewly materialized from the production line, the young Dalek solider found a place amongst his comrades. It was a place in which he would unhesitatingly fight to rid the universe of all inferior races and conquer planet after planet for the superior Daleks. â€Å"EXTERMINATE! 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My chosen topic is women and film Essay Example For Students

My chosen topic is women and film Essay From the one on one interviews, with a male and a female, I found out there was a clear differentiation between what my participants expected from male directed films and female directed films. Male directed films were expected to be better constructed, epic stories with real life significance and depth. When asked why this was, the 40 year old male answered On awards shows, men are always shown making the films that win the best picture awards such as Beautiful Mind or Gladiator. Women directors seem to like making predictable films with romantic storylines. Both male and female were surprised to learn many action movies were directed by women, e. g. Deep Impact by Mimi Leder. In an interview with Parkinson, Meg Ryan talked about her experiences on the set of her new film In the Cut. She describes working with Campion vividly, I wasnt ready for Jane Campion, the director. Jane is a very strong minded and uncompromising artist who has a profound interest in investigation. Meg Ryan has worked with many famous directors, and the respect she gives to Jane Campion shows that she is just as good as any of them. As women directors are still rare, their gender is frequently used as a marketing tool in the selling of their films. I found even when the female director in question is not working with stereotypically feminine material (Jane campions In the Cut and Kathryn Bigelows strange days), there is often a temptation to search for feminist meanings within the context and attribute them to the directors gender. This leads to the question of whether a female directed film can ever be considered mainstream. Leslie Felperin states most women want to be known as filmmakers first, women filmmakers second or none at all. They want the opportunity to do the work and have their work valued in the same way as a mans work of equal quality. According to Linda serger (When women call the shots), Women generally dont want power in the traditional way, such as wanting power over others but that doesnt mean they dont want to be in leadership positions. In a Stephen Applebaum interview with Jane Campion on www. bbc. co. uk, when talking about tough being a woman director is, she replied Women today are dealing with both their independence and also the fact that their lives are built around finding and satisfying the romantic models we grew up with. Her personal views on women directors are To deny female directors, as I suspect is happening in the States, is to deny feminine vision. With women directors earning $0. 74 to every male $1, there is not equality yet, however progress is being made. To address the problem of under representation of woman in the industry, a new mentoring scheme Directing Change was set up. This scheme allows two woman directors a year to work alongside an internationally recognised feature film director during a major production with Jane Campion and many other famous names signing up to be mentors. Although before change can take place, stereotypes about roles and status in the industry have to change, it is hoped that this is a step into recognising the work of aspiring women directors. Overall I find that even though the treatment of women directors is improving, being considered equal to their male counterparts is a long way from being achieved. Gender will always be an obstacle for women everywhere but a number of those are jumping the hurdle, such as Jane Campion are increasing everywhere. In the end, one should not forget that my research was only the start. My sample was very small, the sampling procedure very small, thus generalisations would be unreasonable to make. None the less the research can be claimed valid since I tried to be objective, collected both quantitative and qualitative data and was able to compare my research to existing theories and evidence.